{"id":13625,"date":"2020-10-05T16:56:18","date_gmt":"2020-10-05T14:56:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jordillorens.com\/?p=13625"},"modified":"2021-05-01T18:57:19","modified_gmt":"2021-05-01T16:57:19","slug":"kaokoland-the-land-of-himbas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jordillorens.com\/en\/kaokoland-the-land-of-himbas\/","title":{"rendered":"Kaokoland: the land of himbas"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”3.22″][et_pb_row admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”3.25″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”3.27.4″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”]My affection to know unknown ethnic groups took me to an african country, Namibia, where the few of the three thousand himbas that exist today live there. It is a minority group that have not accepted external influences and that keep their customs and traditions alive. They live in a semi-arid territory of 50,000 km2 called Kaokoland<\/strong>, in northern Namibia. A trip of more than 3,000 km was waiting for me.<\/p>\n

I left well prepared from the capital of Namibia, Windhoek<\/strong>, with a 4×4 and a trailer, where I had everything I needed: from food to the tent. I was accompanied by a guide, Bastian, who was one of the few who the himbas had made him their favorite son, and his assistant, Joseph.<\/p>\n

Within the territory of the Kaokoland I arrive at Orupembe <\/strong>and, at that moment, you don\u2019t see anything, but, when I get out of the car … I couldn\u2019t believe it! Suddenly I see a group of himba children playing among them! My joy is immense! I approach very slowly not to scare them away, but they are stunned when they see me. I try to smile, I make a gesture of approach and finally I decide to kneel in peace of sign. Once the surprise is over, the smiles explode again. The children shout, they surround me, they hold my hand … Everyone wants to touch me!<\/p>\n

I know that I am now at the gates of another world, the world of clans and tribes. I am faced with a great discovery: the himba people, one of the most peculiar ethnic groups in Namibia. At last I began to live my dream!<\/p>\n

\"\"

The himba women anoint their bodies and hair with the otjize<\/em>.<\/p><\/div>\n

I decide to continue with the children and follow them until they reach their village, which, like all of them, is surrounded by thorny branches that serve to protect them from wild animals. The settlements, called ongandas<\/em>, are made up of a corral, the kraal,<\/em> which is located in the middle and which serves to close and protect the cattle, and the huts, which are located around it. But every village has a special place, the okuruwo.<\/em> It is where the rituals are made, and you can never cross in the middle. These rituals include childbirth, the imposition of names on newborns, puberty, circumcision, marriage and death.<\/p>\n

The himba build their huts, with mud, branches and cow dung. Building and repairing them is a women’s work. In each one lives a family. If the man is polygamous, each woman has her own house for herself and her children.<\/p>\n

When the children are teenagers, they move on to another hut, and the elderly maintain their independence and live alone.<\/p>\n

I give them milk and tobacco. Since we can not communicate, I sit next to them to observe. They do the same with me. It is a mutual feeling. In the middle of the afternoon the families of the village begin to arrive with their goats and lambs. They invite me to spend the night with them, which I accept without hesitation.<\/p>\n

The next day, when the sun is just pointing on the horizon, the women are already moving bustily from one side to the other. Some run to the cattlepen to milk. As an essential food, the milk must be presented each morning to the village head to give the authorization to feed the cattle. Then men and cattle begin their daily routine.<\/p>\n

One of these daily routines is to take care of their image. Both men and women are easily recognized for their looks and beauty. They care a lot for their dresses and ornaments, although more than for their ornaments, they are better known for the bright red of their skin. For reasons of aesthetics, and also to protect themselves from the sun, they rub their bodies and hair with a reddish colored substance called otjize.<\/em> It is obtained from a stone, the red hematite. They crush it into a kind of fine powder, and then knead it, mixing with cow’s butter. From this mixture you get a thick reddish cream that is carefully spread all over their body, and even the clothes, dyeing everything red. Women also put on bracelets and necklaces. This penetrating smell of cow excites both men and women and makes them more attracted to each other. The otjize<\/em> seals the alliance of land and cattle over the body of women. After a few days I was totally imbued with that smell so characteristic of the himba women.<\/p>\n

\"\"

The clothing of the himba is made of goatskin<\/p><\/div>\n

They dress a folded loincloth, made of goatskin. They are adorned with all kinds of jewelry, bracelets and leather ornaments that adhere to the neck, waist and ankles. They never remove them during the day even for work. The most important piece of adornment is a large white shell that is worn as a necklace between the breasts. This valuable shell is a symbol of fertility, as well as an omen to wish happiness to a girl in her entrance to life as a woman, and is inherited from mothers to daughters.<\/p>\n

I admire their hairstyles, which not only have an aesthetic function but also serve to express sex in children and social status in adults.<\/p>\n

While the men take care of the cattle, the women carry out the housework and take care of the children. Also the task of grinding wheat is done daily using the primitive mortar and stone mass as it was done in the Neolithic, because the himba, until fifty years ago used tools of stone and wood.<\/p>\n

\"\"

The main diet is meat, milk and wheat.<\/p><\/div>\n

Cattle is not only decisive in the economy but is the center of the life of the himba. A himba without cattle does not count as himba. They extract the milk, the cottage cheese on which their diet is based, the manure which they raise their houses and the skin that dress them.<\/p>\n

Their main diet is meat, milk and wheat. Formerly, when they were nomads, the villages barely lasted a few months in the same place, but increasingly they have become more sedentary thanks to the location of wells, which give them constant water and the water mills that they have been building, since they roam with the flocks in search of pastures to feed the animals.<\/p>\n

The health of the himba is quite good if we consider that due to their isolation they have been preserved from epidemics and infections from the outside world. They are athletic, strong and do a lot of physical exercise, since they usually do long walks with the cattle.<\/p>\n

When they get sick there are healers or otchimbanda<\/em> who, apart from guessing, have therapeutic skills and enjoy a good reputation.<\/p>\n

The himba are monotheistic, although their religion does not revolve around God. For them the supreme being is Ndjambi,<\/em> because for them the word God is too sacred. Their religious dimensions are not visible in the worship of God, but in the homage to their ancestors.<\/p>\n

On the way, and away from the villages, I find cemeteries. They do not have a fixed place. When a himba dies, they take to bury on shoulders, if they can not walk more it means that the dead man wants to be buried there. That is when on the stone slabs are placed the name of the deceased and the horns of their favorite buffalo. The meat of the cattle is not eaten for respect to the deceased because they were animals that the person who died loved so much. It is about sending the spirit of these animals in eternity, together with their owner they bury wrapped in the skin of their favorite bull. After 6 to 12 months they return to the cemetery and sacrifice two bulls. For three days they celebrate a party in which they eat in abundance. This party is done to remove the duel and help the dead to cheer its spirit.<\/p>\n

I hope that the himba can continue to maintain the sacred fire and the memory of their ancestors. His way of living can teach many things in our society. Although we are more proud of the technological development we have achieved, more and more we have more difficulty adapting to the accelerated pace that this imposes us. Traditional societies have managed to preserve their biorhythms more harmoniously with nature.<\/p>\n

Throughout a lifetime, himba women have learned to show their feelings and experiences through external signs: hairstyles, jewelry and ornaments that mark changes in their social status. Their eyes talk about their feelings in a world made up of many rules and few words.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

My affection to know unknown ethnic groups took me to an african country, Namibia, where the few of the three thousand himbas that exist today live there. It is a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":13624,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"

Mi afecci\u00f3n a conocer etnias desconocidas me llev\u00f3 a un pa\u00eds africano, Namibia, donde viven los pocos de tres mil himbas que existen hoy en d\u00eda. Se trata de un grupo minoritario que no han aceptado influencias externas y que mantienen vivas sus costumbres y tradiciones. Viven en un territorio semi\u00e1rido de 50.000 km2 llamado Kaokoland,<\/strong> al norte de Namibia. Me esperaba un recorrido de m\u00e1s de 3.000 km.<\/p>

Sal\u00ed bien preparado desde la capital de Namibia, Windhoek<\/strong>, con un 4x4 y un remolque, donde llevaba todo lo que me hac\u00eda falta: desde la comida hasta la tienda de campa\u00f1a. Me acompa\u00f1aban un gu\u00eda, Bastian, que era uno de los pocos que los himbas lo hab\u00edan hecho hijo predilecto, y su ayudante, el Joseph.<\/p>

Ya dentro del territorio del Kaokoland llego a Orupembe<\/strong> y, de momento, no se ve nada, pero, cuando me bajo del coche... No lo puedo creer!\u00a0 De repente veo un grupo de ni\u00f1os himba jugando entre ellos! Mi alegr\u00eda es inmensa! Me acerco muy lentamente para no espantarlos, pero se quedan de piedra cuando me ven. Trato de sonre\u00edr, hago un gesto de aproximaci\u00f3n y finalmente decido arrodillarme en signo de paz. Una vez pasada la sorpresa, estallan de nuevo las sonrisas. Los ni\u00f1os gritan, me rodean, me cogen de la mano... Todos quieren tocarme!<\/p>

S\u00e9 que ahora estoy en las puertas de otro mundo, el mundo de los clanes y de las tribus. Me encuentro ante un gran descubrimiento: el del pueblo himba, una de las etnias m\u00e1s peculiares de Namibia. Por fin empezaba a vivir mi sue\u00f1o!<\/p>[caption id=\"attachment_13622\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1200\"]\"\" Las mujeres himba untan sus cuerpos y cabellos con el otjize<\/em>.[\/caption]

Decido continuar con los ni\u00f1os y seguirlos hasta llegar a su poblado que, como todos, est\u00e1 rodeado por ramas espinosas que les sirven para protegerse de los animales salvajes. Los poblados, llamados ongandas<\/em>, se componen de un corral, el kraal,<\/em> que est\u00e1 situado en medio y que sirve para cerrar y proteger el ganado, y de las caba\u00f1as, que est\u00e1n situadas a su alrededor. Pero todo poblado tiene un lugar especial, el okuruwo.<\/em> Es donde se hacen los rituales, y nunca se puede cruzar por el medio. Entre estos rituales est\u00e1 el parto, la imposici\u00f3n del nombre a los reci\u00e9n nacidos, la pubertad, la circuncisi\u00f3n, el matrimonio y la muerte.<\/p>

Los himba construyen sus caba\u00f1as, con barro, ramas y esti\u00e9rcol de vaca. Construirlas y repararlas es trabajo de la mujer. En cada una vive una familia. Si el hombre es pol\u00edgamo, cada mujer dispone de su propia casa para ella y sus hijos.<\/p>

Cuando los hijos son adolescentes pasan a ocupar otra, y las personas mayores mantienen su independencia y viven solos.<\/p>

Les doy leche y tabaco. Como no nos podemos comunicar, me siento a su lado a observar. Ellos hacen lo mismo conmigo. Es un sentimiento mutuo. A media tarde comienzan a llegar las familias del poblado con sus cabras y corderos. Me invitan a pasar la noche con ellos, lo que acepto sin dudarlo.<\/p>

Al d\u00eda siguiente, cuando el sol apunta apenas en el horizonte, las mujeres ya se est\u00e1n moviendo ajetreadas de un lado a otro. Alguna, ves que corre hacia el corral a orde\u00f1ar. Como alimento esencial, la leche debe presentarse cada ma\u00f1ana al jefe del poblado para que \u00e9ste d\u00e9 la autorizaci\u00f3n de alimentar el ganado. Seguidamente hombres y ganado comienzan su rutina diaria.<\/p>

Una de estas rutinas diarias es cuidar su imagen. Tanto los hombres como las mujeres son f\u00e1cilmente reconocidos por su porte y belleza. Cuidan mucho sus vestidos y adornos, aunque m\u00e1s que por sus adornos, son m\u00e1s conocidos por el brillante rojo de su piel. Por razones de est\u00e9tica, y tambi\u00e9n para protegerse del sol, untan sus cuerpos y cabellos con una sustancia de color rojizo llamada otjize<\/em>. Se obtiene a partir de una piedra, la hematites roja. La trituran hasta convertirla en una especie de polvo fino, y despu\u00e9s la amasan mezcl\u00e1ndola con mantequilla de vaca. De esta mezcla se obtiene una espesa crema rojiza que se esparcen cuidadosamente por todo el cuerpo, e incluso por la ropa, ti\u00f1endo todo de rojo. Las mujeres se untan tambi\u00e9n los brazaletes y los collares, ya que este penetrante olor de vaca que entusiasma tanto a los hombres como a las mujeres hace que se atraigan m\u00e1s a\u00fan entre ellos. El otjize<\/em> sella de esta manera sobre el cuerpo de las mujeres la alianza de la tierra y el ganado. Despu\u00e9s de unos d\u00edas qued\u00e9 totalmente impregnado de ese olor tan caracter\u00edstico de las mujeres himba.<\/p>[caption id=\"attachment_13619\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"686\"]\"\" La vestimenta de los himba esta hecha de piel de cabra[\/caption]

Como vestimenta llevan un taparrabos plegado, hecho de piel de cabra. Van adornadas con todo tipo de joyas, pulseras y adornos de piel que ci\u00f1en al cuello, la cintura y los tobillos. No se los quitan nunca durante el d\u00eda ni para trabajar. La pieza m\u00e1s importante de adorno es una gran concha blanca que se lleva como collar entre los pechos. Esta valiosa concha es un s\u00edmbolo de fertilidad, adem\u00e1s de un augurio para desear toda la felicidad a una chica en su entrada a la vida como mujer, y se hereda de madres a hijas.<\/p>

Admiro sus peinados, que no s\u00f3lo tienen una funci\u00f3n de est\u00e9tica sino que sirven para expresar el sexo en los ni\u00f1os y la posici\u00f3n social en los adultos.<\/p>

Mientras los hombres se ocupan de cuidar y alimentar al ganado, las mujeres realizan las tareas de la casa y cuidan de los ni\u00f1os. Tambi\u00e9n la tarea de moler el trigo se hace diariamente utilizando los primitivos morteros y mole de piedra tal como se hac\u00eda en el Neol\u00edtico, porque los himbas, hasta hace cincuenta utilizaban herramientas de piedra y madera.<\/p>[caption id=\"attachment_13616\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"686\"]\"\" La dieta principal la constituyen la carne, la leche y el trigo[\/caption]

El ganado no s\u00f3lo es decisivo en la econom\u00eda sino que es el centro de la vida del himba. Un himba sin ganado no cuenta como himba. Le extraen la leche, el reques\u00f3n en que se basa su dieta, el esti\u00e9rcol con que levantan sus casas y la piel que los viste.<\/p>

Su dieta principal la constituyen la carne, la leche y el trigo. Antiguamente, cuando eran n\u00f3madas, los poblados apenas duraban unos meses en el mismo lugar, pero cada vez m\u00e1s se han ido haciendo m\u00e1s sedentarios gracias a la localizaci\u00f3n de los pozos, que les dan agua constante y los molinos de agua que han ido construyendo, ya que vagan con los reba\u00f1os en busca de pastos para alimentar a los animales.<\/p>

La salud de los himba es bastante buena si tenemos en cuenta que debido a su aislamiento han sido preservados de epidemias y contagios procedentes del mundo exterior. Son de constituci\u00f3n atl\u00e9tica, est\u00e1n fuertes y hacen mucho ejercicio f\u00edsico, ya que suelen hacer largas caminatas con el ganado.<\/p>

Cuando se enferman hay unos curanderos o otchimbanda <\/em>que, aparte de adivinar, tienen habilidades terap\u00e9uticas y gozan de un buen prestigio.<\/p>

Los himba son monote\u00edstas, aunque su religi\u00f3n no gira en torno a Dios. Para ellos el ser supremo es Ndjambi,<\/em> ya que para ellos la palabra Dios es demasiado sagrada. Su dimensi\u00f3n religiosa no es visible en el culto a Dios, sino en el homenaje a sus antepasados.<\/p>

Por el camino, y alejados de los poblados, encuentro cementerios. No tienen un lugar fijo, ya que cuando un himba se muere y lo llevan a enterrar a hombros, si no pueden caminar m\u00e1s quiere decir que el muerto quiere ser enterrado all\u00ed. Entonces es cuando sobre las tumbas se colocan losas de piedra con el nombre del difunto y los cuernos de su b\u00fafalo favorito. La carne del ganado no se come por respeto al difunto, ya que eran animales que tanto quer\u00eda. Se trata de enviar el esp\u00edritu de estos animales en la eternidad, junto con su due\u00f1o a quien entierran envuelto en la piel de su toro favorito. Pasados \u200b\u200bentre 6 y 12 meses vuelven al cementerio y sacrifican dos toros. Durante tres d\u00edas celebran una fiesta en la que se come en abundancia. Esta fiesta se hace para quitar el duelo y ayudar el muerto a alegrarle su esp\u00edritu.<\/p>

Espero que los himba puedan seguir manteniendo el fuego sagrado y el recuerdo de sus antepasados. Su manera de vivir puede ense\u00f1ar muchas cosas en nuestra sociedad. Aunque nos sentimos m\u00e1s orgullosos por el desarrollo tecnol\u00f3gico que hemos conseguido, cada vez m\u00e1s tenemos m\u00e1s dificultades para adaptarse al ritmo acelerado que este nos impone. Las sociedades tradicionales han sabido conservar sus biorritmos m\u00e1s arm\u00f3nicamente con la naturaleza.<\/p>

A lo largo de toda una vida, las mujeres himba han aprendido a demostrar sus sentimientos y sus vivencias mediante signos externos: peinados, joyas y adornos que marcan los cambios de su estatus social. Sus ojos hablan de sus sentimientos en un mundo formado por muchas normas y pocas palabras.<\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-travel-memories"],"yoast_head":"\nKaokoland: the land of himbas - Jordi Llorens<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jordillorens.com\/en\/kaokoland-the-land-of-himbas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kaokoland: the land of himbas - Jordi Llorens\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/jordillorens.com\/en\/kaokoland-the-land-of-himbas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Jordi Llorens\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-10-05T14:56:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-05-01T16:57:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/jordillorens.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jordillorens-bloc-namibia-etnia-mujeres-himba-kaokoland-04.jpg.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"793\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jordi Llorens\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jordi Llorens\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jordillorens.com\\\/en\\\/kaokoland-the-land-of-himbas\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jordillorens.com\\\/en\\\/kaokoland-the-land-of-himbas\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jordi Llorens\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jordillorens.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d6e9f5ce2f0be36051b5b07a930e2a2d\"},\"headline\":\"Kaokoland: the land of himbas\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-10-05T14:56:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-05-01T16:57:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jordillorens.com\\\/en\\\/kaokoland-the-land-of-himbas\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1548,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jordillorens.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d6e9f5ce2f0be36051b5b07a930e2a2d\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jordillorens.com\\\/en\\\/kaokoland-the-land-of-himbas\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jordillorens.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/jordillorens-bloc-namibia-etnia-mujeres-himba-kaokoland-04.jpg.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Travel memories\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/jordillorens.com\\\/en\\\/kaokoland-the-land-of-himbas\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jordillorens.com\\\/en\\\/kaokoland-the-land-of-himbas\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jordillorens.com\\\/en\\\/kaokoland-the-land-of-himbas\\\/\",\"name\":\"Kaokoland: the land of himbas - 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